[This page is in the process of being completely redeveloped. 12/16/25]
This UBtheNEWS research was developed before UBannotated.
Introduction
≤1,000,000,000 years ago (Pre-Andonite to Andonite)
850,000 years ago (Neanderthal)
500,000 years ago (Sangik)
200,000 years ago (Nodite)
38,000 years ago (Adamite)
Introduction
The Urantia Papers identify four major genetic changes, plus a noteworthy progressive bottleneck. Genetics research and anthropological discoveries increasingly lend support for when these changes occurred and their effect on our gene pool.
If you are unfamiliar with the history of humanity presented in The Urantia Book, you may want to start by reviewing Genetic Introductions, Mutations, and Evolution: a Urantia Book perspective. The short version is:
1,000,000 years ago: In Mesopotamia, progressive evolution led to the human genetic mutation. Differently sexed twins separated from their parent’s prehuman tribe and started the first human family—the “Andonites.”
500,000 years ago: In the Afghanistan region, progressive evolution led to another mutation. These dominant genes came from one set of parents and gave rise to six colored (“Sangik”) races. All of them were more intelligent than the Andonites. This triggered the arrival of a host of additional ministering spirits, some of whom took a material form. Based on agreement not biological limitations, they did not procreate. But they were allowed to eat from the Tree of Life, which kept their bodies from aging.
200,000 years ago: A rebellion by ministering spirits occurred (including some that had taken a physical form), giving rise to religious traditions about Lucifer. The disruptive cultural consequences for men and angels also brought about a compensating genetic development—the Nephilim, also called “the mighty men of old.” The Urantia Book refers to them as “Nodites.” Traditions about the gods coming down and mating with the daughters of men relates to this transition, the breaking of the agreement. Compared to the Andonite and Sangik races, the Nodites were more physically robust, intelligent, and spiritually inclined, notwithstanding the significant spiritual confusion and misdirection that occurred as a result of the faithless Lucifer rebellion. Their cultural center at the headwaters of the Persian Gulf became known as the Land of Nod.
37,000 years ago: A now sunken peninsula off the coast of Syria is the location of the Garden of Eden and the source for myths about Atlantis. Adam and Eve were ministering spirits in material form with an agreement to procreate. Once their family attained a population of one half million, Adam and Eve’s descendants were supposed to go out and genetically uplift the rest of the world on all levels—spiritual, mentally, and physically. But their mission was cut short because they grew impatient with the challenges of the Lucifer rebellion. This led to violations of restrictions on how to appropriately procreate, which led to their mortality—the Tree of Life would no longer sustain them. The genetics and culture that developed from the mixture of Adamites with Nodites is referred to as “Andite.”
The “Out of Africa” theory has a politically charged history that encouraged western anthropologists and geneticists, eventually also, to reject the better “Out of Asia” theory. (See UBtheNEWS: Early Asian Migrations.) Unfortunately, both anthropological and genetic interpretations of research are heavily influenced by misdirected political pressures. Genetics research on fair skin as well as eye and hair color variations is still largely a place where geneticists, who enjoy research funding, rightly fear to tread.
Geneticists were still trying to figure out whether we had 46 or 48 chromosomes in 1955, when the Urantia Papers were published. So, overlaps between the detailed historical account of humanity’s genetic journey and advances in genetics research are noteworthy. Genetics research provides insights into migration patterns, which can be compared to the racial migration history provided in the Urantia Papers. Haplotypes related to melanin production, for instance, are of special interest because melanin relates to changes in skin, eye, and hair color.
Hippocrates wrote about melanoma 2,500 year ago. A mummy from 2,400 years ago was found to have the condition. Several hundred years ago, European medical literature started documenting “fatal black tumors with metastases and black fluid in the body.” By 1820, a relationship to heredity was noticed. And by 1956, a year after the Urantia Papers were published, the connection with pale skin and UV sunlight is being discussed. Also in 1956, scientists were able to end a little debate that was going on at the time about whether humans have 46 or 48 chromosomes. So, when the Urantia Papers were published in 1955, no work had been done on what specific genes effect melanin production in relation to skin, eye, or hair color. (See A Brief History of Melanoma: From Mummies to Mutations.)
The Urantia Papers affirmed the science of the day, which connected melanin to skin pigmentation.
(63:4.1) Primitive man [Homo erectus prospaiens]—the Andonites—had black eyes and a swarthy complexion, something of a cross between yellow and red. Melanin is a coloring substance which is found in the skins of all human beings. It is the original Andonic skin pigment. In general appearance and skin color these early Andonites more nearly resembled the present-day Eskimo than any other type of living human beings. They were the first creatures to use the skins of animals as a protection against cold; they had little more hair on their bodies than present-day humans. [Emphasis added.]
Consistent with revelatory limitations, no comment was made about its relationship to eye and hair color. Even still, because the Urantia Papers specify when and how the variations in eye and hair colored occurred 37,000 years ago, the connection is there to be made. Genes related to melanin turn about to be an excellent way to assess the credibility of the authors because of the interplay between the incredible advances being made with genetics and anthropological discoveries that allow for genetic mapping.
≤1,000,000,000 years ago (Pre-Andonite to Andonite)
Homo erectus subsapiens to Homo erectus prosapiens
From the Urantia Papers:
From one perspective, when a body is covered by hair, regulation of melanin for skin pigmentation is a waste of biological energy. Ultraviolet light does not cause sunburn and vitamin D gets managed differently. Hair loss, therefore, becomes an associated evolutionary trigger for melanin production. The Urantia Papers provide a timeline for this process:
(62:2.1) A little more than one million years ago the Mesopotamian dawn mammals, the direct descendants of the North American lemur type of placental mammal, suddenly appeared. They were active little creatures, almost three feet tall; and while they did not habitually walk on their hind legs, they could easily stand erect. They were hairy and agile and chattered in monkeylike fashion, but unlike the simian tribes, they were flesh eaters. …
(62:5.1) From the year A.D. 1934 back to the birth of the first two human beings is just 993,419 years.
(62:5.2) These two remarkable creatures were true human beings. They possessed perfect human thumbs, as had many of their ancestors, while they had just as perfect feet as the present-day human races. …
(62:5.3) These first human beings (and their descendants) reached full maturity at twelve years of age and possessed a potential life span of about seventy-five years.
(62:5.6) These first two humans—the twins—were a great trial to their Primates parents. …
(62:5.9) While we were all greatly concerned with what these two little savages were planning, we were powerless to control the working of their minds; we did not—could not—arbitrarily influence their decisions. But within the permissible limits of planetary function, we, the Life Carriers, together with our associates, all conspired to lead the human twins [first humans] northward and far from their hairy and partially tree-dwelling people. And so, by reason of their own intelligent choice, the twins did migrate, and because of our supervision they migrated northward to a secluded region where they escaped the possibility of biologic degradation through admixture with their inferior relatives of the Primates tribes.
64(:1.1) Primitive man made his evolutionary appearance on earth a little less than one million years ago, and he had a vigorous experience. He instinctively sought to escape the danger of mingling with the inferior simian tribes. But he could not migrate eastward because of the arid Tibetan land elevations, 30,000 feet above sea level; neither could he go south nor west because of the expanded Mediterranean Sea, which then extended eastward to the Indian Ocean; and as he went north, he encountered the advancing ice. But even when further migration was blocked by the ice, and though the dispersing tribes became increasingly hostile, the more intelligent groups never entertained the idea of going southward to live among their hairy tree-dwelling cousins of inferior intellect.
(64:1.6) 950,000 years ago the descendants of Andon and Fonta had migrated far to the east and to the west. To the west they passed over Europe to France and England. In later times they penetrated eastward as far as Java, where their bones were so recently found—the so-called Java man—and then journeyed on to Tasmania.
(64:1.7) The groups going west became less contaminated with the backward stocks of mutual ancestral origin than those going east, who mingled so freely with their retarded animal cousins.
(63:4.1) Primitive man [Homo erectus prospaiens]—the Andonites—had black eyes and a swarthy complexion, something of a cross between yellow and red. Melanin is a coloring substance which is found in the skins of all human beings. It is the original Andonic skin pigment. In general appearance and skin color these early Andonites more nearly resembled the present-day Eskimo than any other type of living human beings. They were the first creatures to use the skins of animals as a protection against cold; they had little more hair on their bodies than present-day humans. [Emphasis added.]
(65:3.4) Even the loss of Andon and Fonta before they had offspring, though delaying human evolution, would not have prevented it. Subsequent to the appearance of Andon and Fonta and before the mutating human potentials of animal life were exhausted, there evolved no less than seven thousand favorable strains which could have achieved some sort of human type of development. And many of these better stocks were subsequently assimilated by the various branches of the expanding human species.
Related UBtheNEWS research
The graphic above is from a 2021 paper—“The evolution of human skin pigmentation involved the interactions of genetic, environmental , and cultural variable“—by Anthropology professor Nina Jablonski, who has published extensively on this subject. In the paper she explains:
The emerging consensus view is that the evolution of mostly naked skin in the human lineage probably occurred quite early in the history of the genus Homo in order to facilitate the evaporative cooling of eccrine sweat during extended periods of physical exertion in hot environments (Jablonski, 2004; Lieberman, 2011; Zihlman & Cohn, 1988). The onset and duration of this process are not known with certainty, but evidence provided by comparative study of patterns of neutral variation in the MC1R locus argues for a selective sweep having occurred approximately 1.2 mya ago that favored MC1R variants producing eumelanin-rich protective pigmentation on effectively naked skin (Rogers et al., 2004). Polymorphisms in other genes favoring enhanced eumelanin production may have been selected for early in the history of the genus Homo (Feng et al., 2021), but the time of origin of these variants cannot be fixed with certainty.
Wikipedia’s review notes the yellow-red default gene, consistent with the description of humanity’s original pigmentation:
MC1R is one of the key proteins involved in regulating mammalian skin color and hair color. It is located on the plasma membrane of specialized cells known as melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin through the process of melanogenesis. It controls the type of melanin being produced, and its activation causes the melanocyte to switch from generating the yellow-red phaeomelanin by default to the brown-black eumelanin in replacement.
850,000 years ago (Neanderthal)
Homo neanderthalensis
From the Urantia Papers:
(64:3.5) 850,000 years ago the superior Badonan tribes began a warfare of extermination directed against their inferior and animalistic neighbors. … And the mixed descendants of this improved Badonite stock appeared on the stage of action as an apparently new people—the Neanderthal race.
Related research
Genetics research out of UC Davis in 2019 provides powerful support for assertions in The Urantia Book about when the Sangik races mutated and when the beginning of the Neanderthals should be identified.
From the UC Davis announcement:
Centromeres sit in the middle of chromosomes, the pinched-in “waist” in the image of a chromosome from a biology textbook. The centromere anchors the fibers that pull chromosomes apart when cells divide, which means they are really important for understanding what happens when cell division goes wrong, leading to cancer or genetic defects. . . .
In chromosome 11, they found highly diverged haplotypes of Neanderthal DNA in non-African genomes. These haplotypes diverged between 700,000 to a million years ago, around the time the ancestors of Neanderthals split from other human ancestors. The centromere of chromosome 12 also contains an even more ancient, archaic haplotype that appears to be derived from an unknown relative. [Emphasis added.]
500,000 years ago (Sangik)
Homo sapiens
From the Urantia Papers:
(64:5.1,) 500,000 years ago the Badonan tribes [Homo neanderthalensis] of the northwestern highlands of India became involved in another great racial struggle. For more than one hundred years this relentless warfare raged, and when the long fight was finished, only about one hundred families were left. But these survivors were the most intelligent and desirable of all the then living descendants of Andon and Fonta.
(64:5.2) And now, among these highland Badonites there was a new and strange occurrence. A man and woman living in the northeastern part of the then inhabited highland region began suddenly to produce a family of unusually intelligent children. This was the Sangik family, the ancestors of all of the six colored races [Homo sapiens] of Urantia.
(64:5.3) These Sangik children, nineteen in number, were not only intelligent above their fellows, but their skins manifested a unique tendency to turn various colors upon exposure to sunlight. Among these nineteen children were five red, two orange, four yellow, two green, four blue, and two indigo. These colors became more pronounced as the children grew older, and when these youths later mated with their fellow tribesmen, all of their offspring tended toward the skin color of the Sangik parent.
(64:5.4) And now I interrupt the chronological narrative, after calling attention to the arrival of the Planetary Prince at about this time, while we separately consider the six Sangik races of Urantia.
From the Urantia Papers (Homo sapiens primarius):
(51:4.2) The … red man stands far above the indigo—black—race. The Life Carriers impart the full bestowal of the living energies to the initial or red race … Even mortal stature tends to decrease from the red man down to the indigo race, although on Urantia unexpected strains of giantism appeared among the green and orange peoples.
(51:4.3) On those worlds having all six evolutionary races the superior peoples are the first, third, and fifth races—the red, the yellow, and the blue. The evolutionary races thus alternate in capacity for intellectual growth and spiritual development, the second, fourth, and sixth [orange, green, and indigo] being somewhat less endowed.
From the Urantia Papers (Homo sapiens secundarius):
(82:6.10) Biologically considered, the secondary Sangiks were in some respects superior to the primary races.
(82:6.2) Though the primary races … were in many respects superior to the three secondary peoples, it should be remembered that these secondary races had many desirable traits which would have considerably enhanced the primary peoples if their better strains could have been absorbed.
(51:4.2) [U]nexpected strains of giantism [8 to 9 feet in height] appeared among the green and orange peoples.
(64:6.13) The last great struggle between the orange and the green men occurred in the region of the lower Nile valley in Egypt. … [T]hese people were absorbed by the green and by the later arriving indigo men. But as a race the orange man ceased to exist about one hundred thousand years ago.
Related research
Genetics research out of UC Davis in 2019 provides powerful support for assertions in The Urantia Book about when the Sangik races mutated and when the beginning of the Neanderthals should be identified.
From the UC Davis announcement:
Centromeres sit in the middle of chromosomes, the pinched-in “waist” in the image of a chromosome from a biology textbook. The centromere anchors the fibers that pull chromosomes apart when cells divide, which means they are really important for understanding what happens when cell division goes wrong, leading to cancer or genetic defects. . . .
In the X chromosome in these genome sequences, they found several major centromeric haplotypes representing lineages stretching back a half a million years. In the genome as a whole, most of the diversity is seen among African genomes consistent with the more recent spread of humans out of the African continent. One of the oldest centromere haplotype lineages was not carried by those early emigrants. [Emphasis added.]
200,000 years ago (Nodite)
Homo sapiens transerectus
From the Urantia Papers:
(61:7.8) 200,000 years ago, during the advance of the last glacier, there occurred an episode which had much to do with the march of events on Urantia—the Lucifer rebellion.
(77:2.4) [T]heir children proved to be far superior in almost every way to both the Andonite and the Sangik peoples. This unexpected excellence characterized not only physical and intellectual qualities but also spiritual capacities.
(77:2.5) These mutant traits appearing in the first Nodite generation resulted from certain changes which had been wrought in the configuration and in the chemical constituents of the inheritance factors of the Andonic germ plasm. These changes … caused the chromosomes of the specialized Urantia pattern to reorganize … The technique of this germ plasm metamorphosis by the action of the system life currents is not unlike those procedures whereby Urantia scientists modify the germ plasm of plants and animals by the use of X rays.
(77:2.6) Thus did the Nodite peoples arise out of certain peculiar and unexpected modifications occurring in the life plasm which had been transferred from the bodies of the Andonite contributors to those of the corporeal staff …
(77:2.9) The pure-line Nodites were a magnificent race, but they gradually mingled with the evolutionary peoples of earth, and before long great deterioration had occurred. Ten thousand years after the rebellion they had lost ground to the point where their average length of life was little more than that of the evolutionary races.
(77:2.3) “The Nephilim (Nodites) were on earth in those days, and when these sons of the gods went in to the daughters of men and they bore to them, their children were the ‘mighty men of old,’ the ‘men of renown.’” … And all this legend became further confused with the race mixtures of the later appearing Adamites …
ScienceDaily, August 2010: “Mitochondrial Eve”: Mother of humans lived 200,000 years ago.
≥38,000 years ago (Adamite)
Homo sapiens ultrasapiens
From the Urantia Papers:
(73:0.1) [A]lmost forty thousand years ago, … the Life Carriers on duty took note that, from a purely biologic standpoint, the developmental progress of the Urantia races was nearing its apex.
(73:7.3) [Celestial administrators] counseled Adam not to initiate the program of racial uplift and blending until his own family had numbered one-half million. It was never intended that the Garden should be the permanent home of the Adamites. They were to become emissaries of a new life to all the world; they were to mobilize for unselfish bestowal upon the needy races of earth.
(51:5.6) When this strain of the Material Sons is added to the evolving races of the worlds, a new and greater era of evolutionary progress is initiated. Following this procreative outpouring of imported ability and superevolutionary traits there ensues a succession of rapid strides in civilization and racial development … [E]ven in the face of the miscarriage of the ordained plans, great progress has been made since the gift to your peoples of Adam’s life plasm.
(51:6.1) [T]he Adams and Eves and their progeny contribute [germ plasm] …, resulting in the immediate upstepping of biologic status, the quickening of intellectual potential, and the enhancement of spiritual receptivity.
(81:5.1) Biologic evolution and cultural civilization are not necessarily correlated; organic evolution in any age may proceed unhindered in the very midst of cultural decadence. But when lengthy periods of human history are surveyed, it will be observed that eventually evolution and culture become related as cause and effect. Evolution may advance in the absence of culture, but cultural civilization does not flourish without an adequate background of antecedent racial progression. Adam and Eve introduced no art of civilization foreign to the progress of human society, but the Adamic blood did augment the inherent ability of the races and did accelerate the pace of economic development and industrial progression. Adam’s bestowal improved the brain power of the races, thereby greatly hastening the processes of natural evolution.
(76:4.7) The body cells of the Material Sons and their progeny are far more resistant to disease than are those of the evolutionary beings indigenous to the planet. The body cells of the native races are akin to the living disease-producing microscopic and ultramicroscopic organisms of the realm. These facts explain why the Urantia peoples must do so much by way of scientific effort to withstand so many physical disorders. You would be far more disease resistant if your races carried more of the Adamic life.
(78:0.2) [T]he violet race, begin[s with] Adam … and extend[s] down through its amalgamation with the Nodite and Sangik races, about 15,000 B.C., to form the Andite peoples and on to its final disappearance from the Mesopotamian homelands, about 2000 B.C.
(74:0.1) Adam and Eve arrived on Urantia [Earth], from the year A.D. 1934, 37,848 years ago.
(76:4.1) Adam and Eve were the founders of the violet race of men . . . Adam and his offspring had
blue eyes, and the violet peoples were characterized by fair complexions and light hair color–
yellow, red, and brown.
(51:1.8) On Jerusem the loyal children of any Adam and Eve are immortal, but the offspring of a Material Son and Daughter procreated subsequent to their arrival on an evolutionary planet are not thus immune to natural death. There occurs a change in the life-transmitting mechanism when these Sons are rematerialized for reproductive function on an evolutionary world. The Life Carriers designedly deprive the Planetary Adams and Eves of the power of begetting undying sons and daughters. If they do not default, an Adam and Eve on a planetary mission can live on indefinitely, but within certain limits their children experience decreasing longevity with each succeeding generation.
(76:4.4) Adam and Eve and their first generation of children did not use the flesh of animals for food. They subsisted wholly upon “the fruits of the trees.” After the first generation all of the descendants of Adam began to partake of dairy products, but many of them continued to follow a nonflesh diet. Many of the southern tribes with whom they later united were also nonflesh eaters. Later on, most of these vegetarian tribes migrated to the east and survived as now admixed in the peoples of India.
(76:4.5) Both the physical and spiritual visions of Adam and Eve were far superior to those of the present-day peoples. Their special senses were much more acute, and they were able to see the midwayers and the angelic hosts, the Melchizedeks, and the fallen Prince Caligastia, who several times came to confer with his noble successor. They retained the ability to see these celestial beings for over one hundred years after the default. These special senses were not so acutely present in their children and tended to diminish with each succeeding generation.
(74:6.7) The play and humor of the present-day races are largely derived from the Adamic stock. The Adamites all had a great appreciation of music as well as a keen sense of humor.
(80:1.5) Adam’s blood has been shared with most of the human races, but some secured more than others. The mixed races of India and the darker peoples of Africa were not attractive to the Adamites. They would have mixed freely with the red man had he not been far removed in the Americas, and they were kindly disposed toward the yellow man, but he was likewise difficult of access in faraway Asia. Therefore, when actuated by either adventure or altruism, or when driven out of the Euphrates valley, they very naturally chose union with the blue races of Europe.
(79:7.3) It was not that there were so many of the Andites, nor that their culture was so superior, but amalgamation with them produced a more versatile stock. The northern Chinese received just enough of the Andite strain to mildly stimulate their innately able minds but not enough to fire them with the restless, exploratory curiosity so characteristic of the northern white races. This more limited infusion of Andite inheritance was less disturbing to the innate stability of the Sangik type.
(52:3.6) On an average world the post-Adamic dispensation is an age of great invention, energy control, and mechanical development. This is the era of the appearance of multiform manufacture and the control of natural forces; it is the golden age of exploration and the final subduing of the planet. Much of the material progress of a world occurs during this time of the inauguration of the development of the physical sciences, just such an epoch as Urantia is now experiencing. Your world is a full dispensation and more behind the average planetary schedule [due to the Lucifer rebellion and the Adamic default].
Homo sapiens supersapiens
From the Urantia Papers:
(78:4.1) The Andite races were the primary blends of the pure-line violet race and the Nodites plus the evolutionary peoples. In general, Andites should be thought of as having a far greater percentage of Adamic blood than the modern races. In the main, the term Andite is used to designate those peoples whose racial inheritance was from one-eighth to one-sixth violet. Modern Urantians, even the northern white races, contain much less than this percentage of the blood of Adam.
(78:4.3) The Andites were the best all-round human stock to appear on Urantia since the days of the pure-line violet peoples. …
(78:4.4) These early Andites were not Aryan; they were pre-Aryan. They were not white; they were pre-white. They were neither an Occidental nor an Oriental people. But it is Andite inheritance that gives to the polyglot mixture of the so-called white races that generalized homogeneity which has been called Caucasoid.
(78:5.4) By 12,000 B.C. three quarters of the Andite stock of the world was resident in northern and eastern Europe, and when the later and final exodus from Mesopotamia took place, sixty-five per cent of these last waves of emigration entered Europe.
(78:5.5) The Andites not only migrated to Europe but to northern China and India, while many groups penetrated to the ends of the earth as missionaries, teachers, and traders. They contributed considerably to the northern groups of the Saharan Sangik peoples. But only a few teachers and traders ever penetrated farther south in Africa than the headwaters of the Nile. Later on, mixed Andites and Egyptians followed down both the east and west coasts of Africa well below the equator, but they did not reach Madagascar.
(78:5.6) These Andites were the so-called Dravidian and later Aryan conquerors of India; and their presence in central Asia greatly upstepped the ancestors of the Turanians. Many of this race journeyed to China by way of both Sinkiang and Tibet and added desirable qualities to the later Chinese stocks. From time to time small groups made their way into Japan, Formosa, the East Indies, and southern China, though very few entered southern China by the coastal route.
(78:5.7) One hundred and thirty-two of this race, embarking in a fleet of small boats from Japan, eventually reached South America and by intermarriage with the natives of the Andes established the ancestry of the later rulers of the Incas. …
(78:5.8) The migratory conquests of the Andites continued on down to their final dispersions, from 8000 to 6000 B.C. As they poured out of Mesopotamia, they … contributed humor, art, adventure, music, and manufacture. They were skillful domesticators of animals and expert agriculturists.
(78:6.1) The last three waves … went forth in their final exodus in several directions:
(78:6.2) Sixty-five per cent entered Europe by the Caspian Sea route to conquer and amalgamate with the newly appearing white races—the blend of the blue men and the earlier Andites.
(78:6.3) Ten per cent, including a large group of the Sethite priests, moved eastward through the Elamite highlands to the Iranian plateau and Turkestan. Many of their descendants were later driven into India with their Aryan brethren from the regions to the north.
(78:6.4) Ten per cent of the Mesopotamians turned eastward in their northern trek, entering Sinkiang, where they blended with the Andite-yellow inhabitants. The majority of the able offspring of this racial union later entered China and contributed much to the immediate improvement of the northern division of the yellow race.
(78:6.5) Ten per cent of these fleeing Andites made their way across Arabia and entered Egypt.
(78:6.6) Five per cent of the Andites, the very superior culture of the coastal district about the mouths of the Tigris and Euphrates who had kept themselves free from intermarriage with the inferior neighboring tribesmen, refused to leave their homes. This group represented the survival of many superior Nodite and Adamite strains.
Homo sapiens sapiens
From the Urantia Papers:
(80:9.7) By 2500 B.C. the westward thrust of the Andonites reached Europe. And this overrunning of all Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, and the Danube basin by the barbarians of the hills of Turkestan constituted the most serious and lasting of all cultural setbacks up to that time. These invaders definitely Andonized the character of the central European races, which have ever since remained characteristically Alpine.
Related research
See UBtheNEWS: CCR5 haplotype. Summary:
In 1995, researchers discovered that the CCR5delta32 “mutation” allowed people to be asymptomatic to the AIDS virus. Ongoing research has revealed that, along with being helpful with a host of health problems, including cancer and stroke recovery, CCR5delta32 also enhances intelligence. The timing, positive selection, and migration patterns lend support the Urantia Paper’s description of the Adamic genetic uplift and the assimilation of these genes into humanity’s gene pool.
The genetic contribution of Adam and Eve brought light colored skin along with eye and hair color variations. The political issues related to this area of science significantly limit and distort the research and analysis.
See UBtheNEWS: Adam and Eve: Changes to the microcephalin gene and the Y chromosome originated approximately 37,000 years ago. The parallels include both the timing and the way these changes spread into our gene pool.
Blue eyes 14K skeleton, Villabruna: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19934473/
17K U of Siena: https://www.unisi.it/unisilife/notizie/ricostruita-la-storia-biologica-di-un-bambino-di-17000-anni-fa-1
Fair skin Europe, 30k: https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/30/1/24/1020174?login=false
From Wikipedia:
The SLC24A5 gene’s derived threonine or Ala111Thr allele (rs1426654) has been shown to be a major factor in the light skin tone of Europeans compared to Sub-Saharan Africans, and is believed to represent as much as 25–40% of the average skin tone difference between Europeans and West Africans. Possibly originating as long as 19,000 years ago, it has been the subject of selection in the ancestors of Europeans as recently as within the last 5,000 years, and is fixed in modern European populations. …
The earliest known sample of the threonine allele is 13,000 years old from Satsurblia Cave in Georgia. The allele was widespread from Anatolia to Ukraine and Iran at the beginning of the Neolithic.